Target intelligence / Profile preview

Cluster of Differentiation 28 (CD28)

Target: CD28
Molecular classification: Receptor, Ig-superfamily protein

Overview

CD28 is a homodimeric T cell surface glycoprotein receptor that provides a critical co-stimulatory signal for T cell activation, proliferation, and survival. It binds to B7.1 (CD80) and B7.2 (CD86) on antigen-presenting cells. CD28 signaling is essential for mounting effective immune responses and maintaining immune homeostasis. Loss of CD28 expression is associated with immunosenescence and certain diseases. Therapeutic targeting of CD28 is explored in autoimmunity, transplant rejection, and cancer immunotherapy.

Other names: Tp44 antigen

Mechanism of action

Co-stimulation of T cells through binding to B7.1 (CD80) and B7.2 (CD86) on antigen-presenting cells.

Biological functions

Co-stimulationT cell activationCytokine productionCell proliferationImmune responseRegulation of T cell survival

Disease associations

AutoimmunityImmunodeficiencyCancerTransplant rejectionInfectionImmunosenescence

Safety considerations

Potential for immune-related adverse events with CD28-targeted therapiesRisk of exacerbating autoimmune conditions with CD28 agonistsIncreased susceptibility to infection with CD28 blockade

Interacting drugs

CTLA-4 inhibitors

3 more in the full profile.

Biomarkers

CD28 expression levels on T cells as a marker of immune status and agingCD28 expression as a predictor of response to immunotherapy

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