Cluster of differentiation 4-positive conventional T cell (Tconv)

Cluster of differentiation 4-positive conventional T cells (Tconv) are a major subset of T lymphocytes defined by the expression of the CD4 co-receptor and the absence of the Foxp3 transcription factor, which distinguishes them from regulatory T cells (Tregs) [1.1.3, 1.2.5]. These cells are central to the adaptive immune system, coordinating responses to pathogens and tumors by differentiating into specialized helper subsets like Th1, Th2, and Th17 [1.1.4, 1.3.1]. In cancer, Tconv cells are critical for anti-tumor immunity, providing help to CD8-positive T cells and sometimes exhibiting direct cytotoxic activity [1.2.1, 1.3.2]. Conversely, their dysregulation can lead to autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation [1.3.1, 1.4.3]. Therapeutic strategies targeting Tconv cells include immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., Pembrolizumab) that enhance their activity in oncology, and monoclonal antibodies (e.g., Zanolimumab) or immunosuppressants that modulate their function in autoimmunity [1.1.1, 1.2.3, 1.4.4]. Furthermore, CD4-positive T cells are increasingly used as a platform for adoptive cell therapies, such as CAR-T, due to their robust expansion and persistence [1.1.2, 1.2.2].

Other names

CD4+ conventional T cellCD4+ Foxp3- T cellHelper T cellCD4+ effector T cellT effector cellTconv cellCD4+ Tconv

Modulation of T cell activation, proliferation, and effector function through checkpoint inhibition, cytokine signaling, or direct cell surface receptor targeting.