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Cluster of Differentiation 40 (CD40)
- Target
- CD40
- Molecular classification
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily
01
Overview
CD40 is a type I transmembrane protein and a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. It plays a central role in immune regulation, particularly in the activation and function of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as B cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. Interaction with its ligand CD154 regulates critical processes like antibody class switching and germinal center formation. Defects in CD40 or CD154 result in severe immunodeficiency syndromes.
02
Mechanism of action
Engagement of CD40 with its ligand CD154 triggers key signaling pathways essential for immune responses, modulating B cell, macrophage, and dendritic cell function.
03
Biological functions
APC activationAntibody class switchingGerminal center formationMemory formationB cell survival and proliferationEnhances microbicidal activityUpregulates costimulatory moleculesCytokine production (IL-1, IL-8)
04
Disease associations
Hyper-IgM Syndrome Type 3Non-Hodgkin's LymphomaHodgkin's LymphomaMyelomaNasopharynx CarcinomaBladder CarcinomaCervix CarcinomaKidney CarcinomaOvary CarcinomaImmunodeficiencyInfection
05
Safety considerations
Defects lead to severe immunodeficiency (Hyper-IgM Syndrome Type 3)Potential for inducing inflammation via cytokine production
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