Cluster of differentiation 80 (CD80)

CD80 (B7-1) is a cell surface glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily and the B7 family. It is predominantly expressed on antigen-presenting cells (dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells), as well as activated T cells. CD80 provides the essential "second signal" for full T cell activation via interaction with CD28, lowering the threshold for T cell activation, enhancing proliferation, and promoting cytokine secretion such as IL-2. CD80 also binds CTLA-4, delivering inhibitory signals that regulate tolerance and immune homeostasis. Furthermore, CD80 can interact with PD-L1 and p75 neurotrophin receptor, which modulates the magnitude and output of immune responses. Dysregulation or therapeutic manipulation of CD80 has significant implications in cancer, autoimmune disease, infection, and transplant biology

Other names

B7-1CD80

Blocking CD80/CD86 (prevents co-stimulatory signal to T cells, induces anergy, treats autoimmune diseases); Providing agonist co-stimulation (amplifies effector T cell activation for cancer therapy); Inhibiting CD80/PD-L1 interaction (relieves checkpoint inhibition, restores anti-tumor immunity)