Coagulation factor in plasma (CF (no standardized universal abbreviation for the entire group; individual factors use Roman numerals, e.g., FII, FV, FVIII))

Coagulation factors in plasma are a group of mostly enzyme proteins (mainly serine proteases) and glycoproteins circulating in blood plasma, essential for the cascade of reactions leading to blood clot formation. Each factor is designated by a Roman numeral (I–XII, with some exceptions) and may also be known by a name (e.g., Fibrinogen for Factor I, Prothrombin for Factor II). They participate in tightly regulated pathways (intrinsic, extrinsic, and common) and are kept inactive until a vascular injury triggers a cascade culminating in the conversion of soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin, stabilizing the primary platelet plug. Dysregulation leads to bleeding or thrombotic disorders. Therapeutically, individual factors are targeted or replaced for treatment and prevention of various bleeding or thrombotic diseases. Note: For structured databases, “Coagulation factor in plasma” should be split into its constituent factors for specificity and accuracy.

Other names

Clotting factorPlasma clotting factorBlood clotting factorHaemostatic factorCoagulation protein

Inhibition of specific coagulation factors (e.g., warfarin inhibits Vitamin K-dependent synthesis of Factors II, VII, IX, X; direct oral anticoagulants inhibit Factor Xa or thrombin) - Replacement therapy (infusion of missing factor, as in hemophilia) - Enhancement or inhibition of fibrinolysis (modifying plasmin activity)