Coinhibitory Receptor (N/A)

Coinhibitory receptors are cell surface molecules expressed on activated T cells and other immune cells that transmit negative signals to dampen or terminate cellular activation. They are crucial for maintaining self-tolerance, preventing autoimmunity, and modulating responses to infections and cancer. Key members include PD-1, CTLA-4, LAG-3, TIGIT, and Tim-3. These receptors typically recruit intracellular phosphatases upon ligand binding, leading to reduced T cell activation. Therapeutic blockade of coinhibitory receptors has revolutionized cancer treatment but can also trigger immune-related adverse events.

Other names

Inhibitory checkpoint receptorImmune checkpoint

Engagement of coinhibitory receptors recruits intracellular phosphatases via phosphorylated ITIMs, leading to dephosphorylation of key signaling molecules downstream of the TCR pathway, reducing cellular activation, proliferation, cytokine production, and effector function.