Colonic adenocarcinoma cells

Colonic adenocarcinoma cells are the malignant epithelial cells that comprise colorectal adenocarcinoma, which accounts for approximately 85-90% of all colorectal cancers. These cells arise from the glandular epithelium of the colon and rectum and exhibit distinct molecular characteristics. The majority (~85%) exhibit chromosomal instability with changes in chromosome number and structure[3]. Approximately 16% of colorectal carcinomas are hypermutated, with three-quarters showing high microsatellite instability typically associated with MLH1 hypermethylation and silencing, while one-quarter harbor somatic mismatch repair gene and POLE mutations[4]. At the molecular level, these cells commonly harbor mutations in key genes including APC (found in ~90% of cases)[3], TP53 (59% of non-hypermutated cases)[4], KRAS, PIK3CA, and SMAD4[1][4]. The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway is activated in nearly all cases, with APC mutation being the earliest event in colorectal carcinogenesis[3]. Additional significantly mutated genes include ARID1A, SOX9, and FAM123B[4]. These cells demonstrate alterations in MYC transcriptional targets in nearly 100% of tumors[4], and the TGF-β signaling pathway is deregulated in 27% of non-hypermutated and 87% of hypermutated cases[4]. Immunohistochemically, colonic adenocarcinoma cells typically express CDX2, CK20, and SATB2, which distinguish them from other carcinoma types[6].

Other names

Colorectal adenocarcinoma cellscolon cancer cellscolonic carcinoma cellscolorectal carcinoma cells