Colonic mucosal sensory nerves and epithelial cells

Colonic mucosal sensory nerves and epithelial cells constitute a complex physiological interface responsible for sensing luminal contents and regulating intestinal homeostasis (PMID: 28340161). The epithelial cells serve as the first line of defense and signal to underlying sensory afferents through the release of mediators like serotonin and ATP (PMID: 32724196). This interaction is critical for the regulation of fluid secretion and the transmission of pain signals to the central nervous system. In pathological states such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), this system becomes hypersensitized, leading to chronic visceral pain and altered motility (PMID: 23047010). Pharmacological interventions, such as linaclotide, target specific receptors like guanylate cyclase-C on the epithelium to indirectly modulate nerve activity and alleviate symptoms (PMID: 24001601). This neuro-epithelial crosstalk is a major focus for developing treatments for functional gastrointestinal disorders. The system involves various molecular components including ion channels, G protein-coupled receptors, and tight junction proteins. Understanding the signaling between these cell types is essential for addressing visceral hypersensitivity.

Other names

Colonic neuro-epithelial interfaceIntestinal mucosal sensory unitEnteric mucosal signaling complex

Modulation of epithelial secretion via guanylate cyclase-C activation and subsequent reduction of visceral afferent nerve firing (PMID: 23047010).