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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Copper Metabolism
- Molecular classification
- Metabolic Pathway
01
Overview
Copper metabolism refers to the tightly regulated processes of copper uptake, distribution, utilization, sequestration, and excretion at both cellular and systemic levels in multicellular organisms. Copper is an essential trace element required for numerous biological functions but is toxic in excess due to its ability to generate free radicals and induce oxidative stress. It involves various proteins like Ctr1, ATP7A, ATP7B, Atox1, CCS, Cox17/SCO proteins, Metallothionein, and GSH.
02
Biological functions
Copper uptakeCopper distributionCopper utilizationCopper sequestrationCopper excretionEnzyme cofactorAntioxidant defenseIron metabolismNeurotransmitter synthesisMelanin synthesis
03
Disease associations
Copper deficiencyCopper overloadWilson diseaseMenkes diseaseNeurodegenerative diseasesCardiovascular disordersMetabolic syndromeCancer
04
Safety considerations
Copper toxicity due to free radical generationOxidative stress
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