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Corneal Endothelium
- Molecular classification
- Cellular Layer, Epithelium
01
Overview
The corneal endothelium is a single layer of specialized, flattened cells located on the posterior (inner) surface of the cornea. It plays a critical role in maintaining corneal transparency and proper hydration by regulating fluid and solute transport between the aqueous humor and the corneal stroma. Its main function is to control stromal hydration through a leaky barrier and ATPase-dependent metabolic pumps. Disruption leads to stromal edema, light scatter, and loss of visual acuity. Human endothelial cells are generally post-mitotic after birth and repair occurs primarily via cellular enlargement.
02
Biological functions
Fluid regulationNutrient transportMaintenance of corneal transparencyDeturgescence
03
Disease associations
Fuchs' dystrophyCorneal edemaGraft rejectionEndothelial dysfunction
04
Safety considerations
Irreversible corneal edema if cell density is too lowGraft rejection after transplantationLimited regenerative capacity
05
Biomarkers
Endothelial cell densityCorneal thicknessBarrier function (fluorophotometry)
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