Corneal epithelium and ocular surface tissue (CE)

The corneal epithelium and ocular surface tissue represent the integrated anatomical and physiological unit at the front of the eye, comprising the cornea, conjunctiva, and the overlying tear film (NIH, 2023; MDPI, 2024). This tissue complex serves as the primary refractive medium and a vital protective barrier against mechanical, chemical, and microbial insults (Wikipedia, 2024; NIH, 2025). Biological functions include maintaining transparency, facilitating wound healing through limbal stem cell activity, and mediating immune responses (NIH, 2023; StatPearls, 2024). Pathological conditions affecting this tissue, such as dry eye disease, neurotrophic keratitis, and limbal stem cell deficiency, can lead to vision loss and chronic pain (NIH, 2023; MDPI, 2024). While not a single molecular target, it is the site of action for various therapeutic agents, including immunomodulators like cyclosporine, growth factors like cenegermin, and lubricants, which aim to restore surface homeostasis and integrity (NIH, 2021; NIH, 2023). Therapeutic challenges include overcoming the tight epithelial barrier for drug delivery and managing toxicities such as corneal verticillata or delayed healing associated with certain medications (NIH, 2019; ResearchGate, 2023).

Other names

Ocular surfaceCorneal epitheliumAnterior corneal surfaceOcular surface epithelium

Immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory activity, antiviral inhibition, Rho-kinase inhibition, nerve growth factor signaling, and lubrication.