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Corneal Limbal Stem Cell
- Molecular classification
- Stem Cell
01
Overview
Corneal limbal stem cells, also known as limbal epithelial stem cells or corneal epithelial stem cells, are a population of unipotent adult stem cells located in the basal epithelial layer of the corneal limbus—the border region between the cornea and sclera. These cells are essential for maintaining and regenerating the corneal epithelium, which is critical for preserving vision due to its role in light refraction, transmission, and protection of underlying eye structures. Deficiency or dysfunction leads to Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency (LSCD), resulting in impaired regeneration, conjunctivalization/neovascularization/scarring, and visual impairment. Therapeutic approaches include transplantation using ex vivo expanded autologous human limbal/corneal epithelial stem cell grafts. Holoclar is an example—a commercially available therapy based on this principle approved in some regions for LSCD treatment.
- Other names
- Limbal Epithelial Stem CellCorneal Epithelial Stem CellLSCs
02
Mechanism of action
Cell-based therapy to replenish limbal stem cells and restore corneal epithelium.
03
Biological functions
Regeneration of corneal epitheliumMaintenance of corneal epitheliumLimbal barrier functionCell proliferationCell differentiationWound healing
04
Disease associations
Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency (LSCD)Visual impairment
05
Safety considerations
Risk of rejection in allogeneic transplantationPotential for graft failureConjunctivalization recurrenceNeovascularization recurrence
06
Interacting drugs
Holoclar
07
Biomarkers
p63α (potential marker)Slow cycling/quiescenceHigh proliferative potentialClonogenicity
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