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Corticotropin-releasing hormone neuron (CRH neuron)
- Target
- CRH neuron
- Molecular classification
- Other (neuropeptide-secreting neuronal population), These are not classified as receptors, enzymes, ion channels, etc., but rather as neuroendocrine cells defined by their peptide output
01
Overview
Corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons are specialized neuroendocrine cells primarily located in regions such as the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus and other brain areas including cortex and bed nucleus of stria terminalis. They synthesize and secrete corticotropin-releasing hormone—a key peptide involved in initiating the body's response to stress through activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. These neurons play essential roles in integrating endocrine, autonomic, and behavioral responses during both basal conditions and acute/chronic stress exposure. Their dysfunction has been implicated in psychiatric disorders like depression and PTSD due to dysregulation of HPA axis activity.
- Other names
- CRH neuronCorticotropin-releasing factor neuronCRF neuronCorticoliberin-expressing neuron
02
Biological functions
Regulation of stress responseIntegration of neuroendocrine signaling in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis)Modulation of behavioral adaptation to stressNeuromodulation in extrahypothalamic circuits
03
Disease associations
Major depressionAnxiety disordersPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)Neurodegenerative disease associations have been observed with altered CRH production
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