Costimulatory molecule CD86 (CD86)

Costimulatory molecule CD86 (CD86, also known as B7-2) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin superfamily and a key member of the B7 family involved in T cell costimulatory signaling. It is constitutively expressed on antigen-presenting cells including dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells, and Langerhans cells. CD86 interacts with CD28 and CTLA4 receptors on T cells: engagement with CD28 stimulates T cell activation and proliferation, while interaction with CTLA4 transmits inhibitory signals, dampening immune responses. CD86 is crucial for the initiation and regulation of T cell-mediated immunity, and its modulation is clinically relevant in autoimmunity, transplantation, cancer, and infection. Approved therapeutics such as CTLA4-Ig fusion proteins target CD86 to inhibit undesirable immune activation, but blockade can increase infection risk and may impact antitumor immunity

Other names

B7-2Cluster of Differentiation 86T lymphocyte activation antigen CD86CD28 antigen ligand 2Activation B7-2 antigenB70BU63CD28LG2CTLA-4 counter-receptor B7.2FUN-1

Blockade of costimulatory signaling (by ligand/receptor interaction with CTLA4-Fc fusion proteins or blocking antibodies); Inhibition or modulation of T cell activation by interrupting CD28:CD86 interaction