Coxsackievirus A16 virus particle (CVA16)

Coxsackievirus A16 virus particle is the mature infectious virion of Coxsackievirus A16, a non-enveloped, icosahedral RNA virus belonging to the Enterovirus genus, Picornaviridae family. The particle is composed of 60 copies each of four capsid proteins (VP1, VP2, VP3, VP4), forming a tightly organized shell around a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome[1][2][3]. CVA16 particles exist in different states: full (mature infectious), empty (without RNA), and defective/immature (containing uncleaved VP0 in place of separate VP2 and VP4)[1][2][3]. The mature virus attaches to host cells primarily via the cellular receptor SCARB2 and potentially heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans, initiating endocytosis and subsequent genome delivery[1][3]. CVA16 is a major causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease, especially in children, and contributes to broader enteroviral disease burdens[1][3]. Vaccine development is challenged by the production of non-infectious ("empty" or defective) virus-like particles, requiring careful quality and immunogenicity controls[2]. No specific, approved antiviral therapies exist, but structure-based drug design targeting the capsid and receptor-binding interactions is ongoing[1][3].

Other names

Coxsackievirus A16CV-A16Human coxsackievirus A16Enterovirus A16

Inhibition of capsid uncoating, prevention of receptor binding, blockade of viral entry