Cut-like homeobox 1 (CUX1)

CUX1 (Cut-like homeobox 1) encodes a transcription factor that belongs to the homeodomain family of DNA binding proteins, with structural features including three Cut repeats, a homeodomain, autoinhibitory and repression domains. CUX1 is evolutionarily conserved and expressed in most tissues, with several isoforms resulting from alternative splicing and proteolytic processing. Functionally, CUX1 acts as both a transcriptional activator and repressor depending on isoform and cellular context, regulating dozens of genes involved in cell cycle progression, DNA repair, cell motility, cytoskeletal remodeling, and cell-cell adhesion. Its roles in disease are complex; CUX1 participates in tumorigenesis with both oncogenic and tumor suppressive features depending on isoform, tissue, and context, and is also implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders and organ morphogenesis abnormalities. CUX1 may regulate therapy sensitivity in cancer by affecting DNA repair capacity and is under investigation as a disease biomarker. Currently, there are no clinically approved drugs that directly target CUX1, but its biology is highly relevant in cancer research and developmental biology.

Other names

CUX1Cut-like homeobox 1Homeobox protein cut-like 1CDP/Cux p110CUTL1CDPProtein CASPCDP1CUXCUTCloxCDP/CutCDP/CuxCux/CDPCASPGOLIM6CCAAT displacement proteinCDP/Cux p200Homeobox protein cux-1golgi integral membrane protein 6CUX1 gene Alternatively Spliced ProductCOY1GDDINEDDMSNbla10317p100p110p200p75

Modulation of DNA repair capacity and resistance to genotoxic agents (e.g., temozolomide) due to its role in base excision repair. Altered expression of genes involved in cell migration, invasion, and cell cycle by transcriptional regulation (activation/repression) may impact cancer therapy outcomes depending on CUX1 status. CUX1 can recruit histone deacetylases (HDAC1) and histone methyltransferases (G9a) for epigenetic silencing.