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Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer (CPD)

Target: CPD
Molecular classification: DNA lesion, DNA adduct

Overview

Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) are DNA lesions formed when two adjacent pyrimidine bases on the same DNA strand become covalently linked via a cyclobutane ring. This is primarily induced by UV radiation, distorting the DNA helix and blocking essential cellular processes such as replication and transcription. If unrepaired, CPDs can result in mutations that contribute significantly to skin disorders—including sunburn—and are major drivers of UV-induced skin cancers such as melanoma.

Mechanism of action

N/A

Biological functions

DNA damageBlocks DNA replicationBlocks transcriptionMutation induction

Disease associations

Skin cancerMelanomaSunburnUV-induced mutagenesis

Safety considerations

CPD formation leads to mutations and potential for cancer development

Biomarkers

CPD levels as a marker of UV exposureCPD levels as a marker of DNA repair efficiency

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