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Cysteine (Cys)

Target: Cys
Molecular classification: Amino Acid, Proteinogenic Amino Acid, Thiol

Overview

Cysteine is a semiessential, sulfur-containing amino acid that plays critical roles in protein structure and function. Its thiol side chain enables it to participate in redox reactions, form disulfide bonds, and act as an antioxidant. While it can be synthesized from methionine, it is used therapeutically as part of total parenteral nutrition and as an antidote for acetaminophen overdose (via N-acetylcysteine). High doses can be toxic.

Other names: L-CysteineD-Cysteine

Mechanism of action

N-acetylcysteine replenishes hepatic glutathione stores, acting as an antioxidant and protecting against liver damage in acetaminophen overdose.

Biological functions

Protein synthesisProtein stabilizationRedox reactionsAntioxidant defenseEnzymatic catalysisGlutathione synthesis

Disease associations

Acetaminophen ToxicityRespiratory Diseases (e.g., bronchitis, COPD, asthma)Oxidative StressArthritis (potential)Arteriosclerosis (potential)Wound Healing (potential)Skin Protection from Radiation Injury (potential)

Safety considerations

High doses may cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.Excessive supplementation can cause negative nitrogen balance or kidney strain.Not recommended during pregnancy/breastfeeding without medical supervision.Should not be used by individuals with diabetes or cystinuria.

Interacting drugs

N-acetylcysteine

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