Cytochrome P450 2S1 (CYP2S1)

Cytochrome P450 2S1 (CYP2S1) is a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily, localized primarily to the endoplasmic reticulum, and is highly expressed in epithelial tissues exposed to the environment, including skin, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary tracts[1][6]. It catalyzes the oxidation of endogenous substrates such as retinoids (all-trans-retinoic acid) and eicosanoids, as well as a wide range of environmental carcinogens, often via non-classical, NADPH-independent monoxygenase activity[3][4][7]. CYP2S1 may be involved in both detoxification and metabolic activation of carcinogens, with elevated expression noted in several cancers of epithelial origin and in psoriatic skin[1][2]. While no clinically approved drugs directly target CYP2S1, its variable expression is emerging as a potential prognostic biomarker, especially in cancers like breast and colorectal cancer[2][5]. Its functional role in cancer biology and xenobiotic metabolism makes it a significant enzyme for risk assessment and as a candidate marker for disease progression or response[1][2][5].

Other names

Cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily S member 1CYP2S1P450 2S1

Monooxygenation and oxidation of xenobiotics via non-NADPH-dependent pathways (supported by hydroperoxides such as cumene hydroperoxide and hydrogen peroxide)[3] Metabolizes all-trans-retinoic acid and various environmental carcinogens[1][3]