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Cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19 (None)
- Target
- None
- Molecular classification
- Enzyme, Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, Mixed-function oxidase
01
Overview
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) is a key enzyme in the cytochrome P450 superfamily, primarily expressed in the liver. It metabolizes a wide range of clinically important drugs, including antiplatelet agents, proton pump inhibitors, antidepressants, and anticonvulsants. Genetic polymorphisms in CYP2C19 significantly affect drug metabolism, impacting efficacy and safety.
- Other names
- CYP2C19
02
Mechanism of action
CYP2C19 catalyzes oxidation reactions that modify both endogenous compounds and xenobiotics (foreign substances such as drugs). This process typically increases water solubility for easier elimination from the body. For some drugs like clopidogrel (Plavix), CYP2C19 activates prodrugs into their active forms; for others like voriconazole or certain antidepressants, it deactivates them for excretion.
03
Biological functions
Drug metabolismProdrug activationDetoxificationOxidation reactions
04
Disease associations
Cardiovascular diseaseInfectionOther
05
Safety considerations
Variability in drug response due to genetic polymorphismsTreatment failure due to poor drug activationIncreased risk of side effects due to reduced drug clearanceIncreased risk of cardiovascular events with clopidogrel in poor metabolizers
06
Interacting drugs
Clopidogrel
5 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
CYP2C19 genotype (e.g., *1, *2, *3, *17)
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