Cytokine-induced killer cell-mediated cytolysis via NKG2D ligand recognition (CIK cell-mediated cytolysis via NKG2D)

Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell-mediated cytolysis via NKG2D ligand recognition is a mechanism by which CIK cells, a type of immune effector cell with both T-cell and NK-cell properties, recognize and kill target cells, primarily tumor cells. This process relies on the interaction between the NKG2D receptor expressed on CIK cells and its ligands, such as MICA/B and ULBPs, which are upregulated on the surface of stressed, infected, or malignant cells. Upon binding, NKG2D triggers intracellular signaling pathways that lead to the release of cytotoxic granules, induction of apoptosis, and secretion of cytokines, resulting in the destruction of the target cell. This pathway offers a MHC-independent mechanism for tumor cell recognition and is explored in cancer immunotherapy.

Other names

NKG2D-mediated cytotoxicity by CIK cellsCIK cell NKG2D pathwayNKG2D-ligand interaction in CIK cell killingCIK cell-mediated lysis via NKG2D

Engagement of NKG2D receptor on CIK cells with NKG2D ligands (MICA/B, ULBPs) on target cells, leading to DAP10-mediated signaling, activation of cytolytic pathways (perforin/granzyme release, FasL/Fas interaction), and target cell death (lysis/apoptosis). Also involves cytokine secretion (IFN-γ, TNF-α) to enhance anti-tumor immunity.