Cytokine-like protein 1 (CYTL1)

Cytokine-like protein 1 (CYTL1) is a secreted protein encoded by the CYTL1 gene, most abundantly expressed in cartilage, CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells, and several endothelial tissues. Structurally, CYTL1 adopts an IL-8-like chemokine fold resembling chemokine CCL2, and can signal via the chemokine receptor CCR2, leading to activation of ERK and Akt pathways. CYTL1 promotes chondrogenesis by stimulating Sox9 activity and matrix gene expression, protects against osteoarthritis progression, and exhibits chemotactic and pro-angiogenic functions. Recent studies link CYTL1 to the regulation of bone mass (inhibits osteogenesis, promotes osteoclastogenesis), cardiac fibrosis, cancer, and embryonic implantation. Although its full therapeutic relevance is under investigation, CYTL1 is considered a molecular target and biomarker for multiple tissue homeostasis and disease processes.

Other names

Protein C17C17C4orf4UNQ1942/PRO4425cytokine-like protein 1cytokine-like protein C17

Signals via the CCR2 chemokine receptor, activating downstream ERK and Akt pathways, promoting chemotaxis and cellular activation; Stimulates Sox9 transcription for cartilage matrix production; Modulates TGF-beta/Smad signaling independently of CCR2; Inhibits osteogenesis by downregulating RUNX2 and promoting apoptosis of osteogenic cells