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D-aspartate oxidase (DDO)
- Target
- DDO
- Molecular classification
- Enzyme, FAD-dependent oxidoreductase, Peroxisomal protein
01
Overview
D-aspartate oxidase (DDO) is a peroxisomal, FAD-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of D-aspartate to oxaloacetate, ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide[3]. It is highly specific for acidic D-amino acids and is distinct from the related enzyme D-amino acid oxidase, which targets neutral and basic D-amino acids[1][2]. DDO tightly regulates D-aspartate levels in the brain and endocrine tissues; dysregulation or altered activity is implicated in disorders such as schizophrenia, likely via modulation of NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission[1]. The enzyme is being explored as a potential therapeutic target, with research focused on selective DDO inhibitors to increase D-aspartate and strengthen NMDA signaling[1].
- Other names
- DDODASPODASOXD-aspartic oxidaseaspartic oxidaseDDO-1DDO-2
02
Mechanism of action
Inhibition of D-aspartate oxidase leads to increased levels of D-aspartate, potentially enhancing NMDA receptor signaling
03
Biological functions
D-aspartate catabolism (degradation of D-aspartate)Regulation of D-amino acid levels in the nervous and endocrine systemsModulation of glutamatergic neurotransmissionHormone synthesis/regulation
04
Disease associations
Neuropsychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, due to disrupted D-aspartate metabolism and NMDA receptor dysfunction)Potential involvement in neurological/neurodevelopmental conditions
05
Safety considerations
Inhibition may cause abnormal accumulation of D-aspartate, theoretical risk of excitotoxicity or metabolic disturbances
06
Interacting drugs
None approved; experimental D-aspartate oxidase inhibitors described in the literature
07
Biomarkers
D-aspartate concentration in tissues or biofluids
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