Dental pulp regeneration (DPR)

Dental pulp regeneration is a regenerative medicine strategy that aims to replace damaged or necrotic dental pulp tissue with a functional, vascularized, and innervated biological tissue complex. It is classified as a biological process or therapeutic modality rather than a discrete molecular target like a receptor or enzyme. The process utilizes a combination of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), biocompatible scaffolds, and various signaling molecules to restore the vitality of a tooth after injury or infection [1][2]. In clinical practice, this approach is often referred to as regenerative endodontics and is particularly important for treating immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulp, as it allows for continued root development (apexogenesis). Key molecular mediators driving this process include Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-beta), Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs), and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), which facilitate cell migration and differentiation [3][4]. While traditional endodontic treatments rely on inert filling materials, dental pulp regeneration seeks to re-establish the tooth's sensory and immune defense mechanisms [5]. Current challenges in the field include ensuring consistent clinical outcomes and preventing the formation of non-pulp-like tissues, such as bone or cementum, within the pulp chamber.

Other names

Regenerative endodonticsPulp revitalizationDental pulp revascularizationEndodontic regenerationRegenerative endodontic procedures (REPs)

Recruitment of endogenous dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to the injured site, induction of odontoblastic differentiation for dentin bridge formation, and promotion of neovascularization and innervation through growth factor signaling.