Dentin hydroxyapatite calcium ions (HAp)

Dentin hydroxyapatite is the primary inorganic constituent of the dentin layer, forming approximately 70% of its weight (Source: StatPearls, Physiology, Dentin). It is composed of a crystalline lattice of calcium and phosphate ions that provide the tooth with its mechanical strength and hardness (Source: PubChem, CID 14781). In dental pathology, the loss of these calcium ions through acid-mediated demineralization leads to the formation of caries and the exposure of dentinal tubules, which causes hypersensitivity (Source: PubMed, PMID 24223480). Therapeutic interventions often target the calcium ions within the hydroxyapatite lattice to promote remineralization or to facilitate the precipitation of new mineral phases, such as fluorapatite, which is more resistant to acid attack (Source: NIH, Fluoride: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals). By stabilizing or replenishing these ions, drugs can restore the structural integrity of the tooth and alleviate pain associated with exposed dentin (Source: PubMed, PMID 30073485).

Other names

Calcium hydroxyapatiteHydroxylapatiteDentinal mineralCrystalline calcium phosphate

Remineralization through the formation of fluorapatite or calcium phosphate precipitates; occlusion of dentinal tubules to reduce fluid movement and nerve stimulation.