Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen extract (HDM extract)

Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, the European house dust mite, is a major source of indoor allergens, including the highly potent proteins Der p 1 and Der p 2 [1]. A polymerized whole-allergen extract, often termed an allergoid, is produced by chemically cross-linking these allergens with agents like glutaraldehyde to reduce their IgE-binding capacity while preserving their immunogenic T-cell epitopes [2]. This modification is designed to improve the safety of allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) by decreasing the risk of IgE-mediated systemic reactions, such as anaphylaxis, during treatment [3]. Biologically, these allergens trigger Type I hypersensitivity reactions in sensitized individuals by cross-linking IgE on the surface of mast cells and basophils, leading to the release of inflammatory mediators [1]. When administered as immunotherapy, the extract works by inducing peripheral T-cell tolerance, promoting the expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs), and stimulating the production of allergen-specific IgG4 antibodies that block IgE-mediated activation [3]. This therapeutic approach is primarily used to treat house dust mite-induced allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma, aiming to provide long-term disease modification rather than just symptomatic relief [4].

Other names

House dust mite allergensDer p allergensHDM allergoidPolymerized house dust mite extractGlutaraldehyde-modified D. pteronyssinus extract

Induction of allergen-specific immune tolerance through the modulation of T-cell responses (shifting Th2 to Th1/Treg) and the production of protective IgG4 blocking antibodies.