Dihydroartemisinin (DHA)

Dihydroartemisinin is a semi-synthetic derivative and active metabolite of artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from *Artemisia annua*. It is the most potent antimalarial metabolite of the artemisinin derivatives, and it acts rapidly against the erythrocytic stage of *Plasmodium* parasites. Its mechanism of action involves generation of free radicals upon cleavage of its endoperoxide bridge by intra-parasitic iron, leading to multiple damaging reactions within the parasite. Dihydroartemisinin also exhibits potential anti-inflammatory and investigational anti-cancer effects. It is poorly water soluble and mostly used in combination therapies for malaria due to rapid clearance and risk of resistance when used alone.

Other names

ArtenimolDHADihydroqinghaosuCotexinAlaxinalpha-Dihydroartemisinin

Dihydroartemisinin and artemisinin derivatives undergo activation by iron (heme), generating reactive radicals that cause oxidative stress and damage vital parasite macromolecules, leading to death of malaria parasites.