Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP)

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is a ubiquitous zwitterionic organosulfur metabolite primarily synthesized by marine phytoplankton, macroalgae, and some terrestrial plants [2, 4]. Within marine ecosystems, DMSP functions as a multi-purpose molecule, acting as a key osmolyte for salinity stress, a cryoprotectant in cold environments, and an antioxidant to combat reactive oxygen species [2, 7, 13]. It is a central figure in the global sulfur cycle because its microbial breakdown by DMSP lyases and demethylases yields dimethyl sulfide (DMS), a volatile gas that influences cloud formation and climate [5, 6, 8]. In recent years, DMSP has emerged as a promising bioactive compound in biomedical research, demonstrating potential neuroprotective, anti-aging, and anticancer effects [1, 3, 10]. It appears to exert these benefits by activating the SKN-1 (Nrf2-like) transcription factor, which enhances mitochondrial function, promotes autophagy, and strengthens cellular antioxidant defenses [1, 3]. Preclinical studies have shown that DMSP can protect neural cells from oxidative damage and even lead to the complete suppression of certain tumors in mouse models [3, 10].

Other names

3-DimethylsulfoniopropionateDimethyl-β-propiothetinDimethylpropiothetinS,S-Dimethyl-β-propiothetin3-(Dimethylsulfaniumyl)propanoate

As a bioactive small molecule, it activates the SKN-1/Nrf2 transcription factor pathway to enhance mitochondrial health and antioxidant response, promotes autophagy and mitophagy flux, and serves as a direct scavenger of reactive oxygen species.