DNA crosslinking adduct (or more specifically, “DNA interstrand crosslink” or “DNA-protein crosslink” depending on context)

DNA crosslinking/DNA adduct formation refers to chemical reactions in which DNA strands are covalently bonded either within the same strand (intrastrand), between strands (interstrand), or with proteins (DNA-protein crosslinks). These events typically arise following exposure to chemotherapeutic agents (alkylating agents, platinum compounds, mitomycin C, psoralens) or endogenous reactive molecules. DNA crosslinking blocks critical processes such as DNA replication and transcription, thereby triggering cell cycle arrest and cell death. Unrepaired crosslinks are highly cytotoxic and underlie the efficacy of many cancer drugs, but also contribute to side effects such as bone marrow toxicity and secondary cancer development. DNA crosslink damage is repaired by specialized cellular pathways, notably the Fanconi anemia pathway for interstrand crosslinks and SPRTN/proteasome pathway for DNA-protein crosslinks.

Other names

DNA adductDNA interstrand crosslinkDNA-protein crosslinkDNA lesionDNA modification

Covalent modification of DNA bases leading to interstrand or intrastrand crosslinks, or DNA-protein adducts; blocks DNA replication and transcription, drives apoptosis or senescence