DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit G (POLR3G)

DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit G (POLR3G) is a peripheral subunit of RNA polymerase III, the multi-subunit enzyme complex responsible for the transcription of small noncoding RNAs, including tRNAs, 5S rRNA, and snRNAs[2][3][5]. POLR3G (also known as RPC7-alpha) is incorporated into one of two alternative Pol III complexes in a mutually exclusive manner with its paralog POLR3GL (RPC7-beta). This subunit is essential for assembly and function of the Pol III-specific heterotrimer required for transcription initiation and interacts with transcription factors such as TFIIIB[1][3]. POLR3G is highly expressed in embryonic stem cells and many cancers, where its upregulation is linked to expanded transcriptional output of specific small RNAs and poor prognosis[3][4]. It also acts as a nuclear and cytosolic DNA sensor, contributing to the innate immune response to intracellular pathogens by mediating the production of RNA that can activate immune signaling pathways[2]. POLR3G is not a current drug target and does not have known direct small-molecule modulators; however, its expression is being explored as a biomarker and potential therapeutic vulnerability in oncology[3][4]. Loss of POLR3G function in animal models results in early embryonic lethality, underscoring its essential role in development[4][5].

Other names

RNA polymerase III subunit GRPC7-alphaRPC7C31RPC32DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC7-alphaRNA polymerase III 32 kDa alpha subunitRNA polymerase III 32 kDa subunitRPC32-alphapolymerase (RNA) III (DNA-directed) polypeptide G (32 kDa)POLR3G