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RAD50 double strand break repair protein (RAD50)
- Target
- RAD50
- Molecular classification
- Structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) protein, Enzyme (ATPase), DNA repair complex component, Other
01
Overview
RAD50 double strand break repair protein is an evolutionarily conserved ATPase and a core subunit of the MRN (MRE11-RAD50-NBS1) complex, which plays a central role in the recognition, tethering, and repair of DNA double-strand breaks in eukaryotes[1][2][3][4]. RAD50 contains a coiled-coil structure and a globular ABC ATPase domain, enabling it to dimerize and bind DNA ends. Through ATP-dependent conformational changes, RAD50 mediates DNA end tethering and coordinates DNA repair through both homologous recombination and nonhomologous end-joining[1][2][3]. Its functions are critical for maintaining genomic stability, cell survival, and the proper response to DNA-damaging agents, and loss of RAD50 function leads to severe defects in DNA repair, genome maintenance, and viability[1][2]. RAD50's role in DNA repair and tumor suppression makes it a promising but challenging therapeutic target, especially in cancer contexts where DNA repair is dysregulated[1].
- Other names
- DNA repair protein RAD50hRAD50RAD50-2NBSLDRAD502RAD50 homologdouble strand break repair protein
02
Biological functions
DNA double-strand break repairDNA damage sensing and signalingTelomere maintenanceGenome stabilityCell viability/cell growthHomologous recombinationNonhomologous end-joiningOther
03
Disease associations
Cancer (due to roles in DNA repair and genome stability)Other (potential contribution to inherited syndromes with DNA repair defects)
04
Safety considerations
Synthetic lethality in tumors with defective homologous recombination repair (e.g. with PARP inhibitors); concern for genomic instability with RAD50 dysfunctionEssential role in normal cell viability could pose toxicity challenge for direct inhibition
05
Biomarkers
RAD50 mutations or expression as biomarker for genomic instabilityMRN complex activity as a functional biomarker in DNA repair-deficient cancers
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