DNA strand breakage via free radical generation

"DNA strand breakage via free radical generation" refers to the chemical cleavage of the phosphodiester backbone in cellular DNA caused by highly reactive molecules known as free radicals, particularly those derived from oxygen species such as hydroxyl (.OH) and peroxyl (ROO.) radicals. These species can be generated endogenously through normal cellular metabolism or exogenously by radiation, chemicals, or certain drugs. The resulting single-strand and double-strand breaks compromise genomic integrity—leading potentially to mutations, carcinogenesis, neurodegeneration, aging processes—and can trigger cell death if unrepaired. This phenomenon is central both in disease pathogenesis and as an intended effect for some anticancer therapies but does not represent a discrete molecular drug target.

Other names

Free radical-induced DNA strand breakageOxidative DNA strand breakageRadical-mediated DNA cleavage

For drugs targeting this process: - Generation of reactive oxygen species/free radicals that attack the sugar-phosphate backbone or bases in DNA leading to single-strand and double-strand breaks. - Scavenging/inhibition of free radicals to prevent oxidative damage and subsequent strand breakage.