DNA synthesis pathways

DNA synthesis pathways comprise the set of cellular biochemical routes and regulatory mechanisms that enable cells to replicate and repair DNA. The process is tightly regulated by the cell cycle and involves a complex assembly of proteins—including DNA polymerases, helicases, primases, topoisomerases, and enzymes for nucleotide biosynthesis. DNA synthesis is essential for genome stability and cellular proliferation; its dysregulation or targeted inhibition underlies the mechanism of action for many anticancer and antibiotic drugs. This term describes a collection of enzymatic and regulatory processes responsible for the synthesis and replication of DNA in cells, rather than a single molecule, protein, or canonical therapeutic target. It is a functional/processual classification and not a single molecular target. For structured data purposes, this entry is not a single canonical druggable target, but a process involving multiple targets.

Other names

DNA replication pathwayDNA biosynthesis pathwayDNA replication machineryDNA replication processes

Mechanisms of action are not applicable to the pathway as a whole, but depend on the specific enzyme or process targeted within the pathway. Examples include: inhibition of DNA polymerases (preventing chain elongation), inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase (blocking deoxyribonucleotide production), and inhibition of thymidylate synthase (preventing dTMP formation).