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Immune Modulation via Omega-3 Fatty Acids
- Molecular classification
- Lipid, Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid, Nutrient, Immunomodulator
01
Overview
Omega-3 fatty acids are a family of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that play a significant role in modulating immune responses. Their immunomodulatory effects are mediated through multiple mechanisms, impacting both innate and adaptive immunity. The most studied omega-3s in this context are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).
- Other names
- Omega-3 Fatty AcidsEPADHAEicosapentaenoic AcidDocosahexaenoic AcidPolyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs)
02
Mechanism of action
Omega-3 fatty acids modulate immune responses through cell membrane incorporation, production of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), and competition with omega-6 pathways. They interact with Toll-like receptors (TLRs), Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120).
03
Biological functions
Immune response modulationInflammation resolutionCell signalingMembrane remodelingProduction of Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators (SPMs)
04
Disease associations
Autoimmune diseases (Rheumatoid Arthritis, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus)InflammationAllergies
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