Docosahexaenoic acid metabolic pathways

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) metabolic pathways encompass the biosynthesis, transport, incorporation, and catabolism of the omega-3 fatty acid DHA. DHA is mainly synthesized from alpha-linolenic acid through a series of elongation and desaturation steps; it can also be obtained directly from the diet through fish, marine oils, or maternal milk[5][3]. The pathways include specific enzymes and transporters such as elongases, desaturases, and membrane proteins like Mfsd2a for brain delivery[3]. DHA is a critical component of phospholipids in neuronal and retinal membranes, affecting cell membrane properties, neuronal differentiation, survival, and synaptic function[1][5]. Its metabolites act as bioactive lipid mediators with roles in resolving inflammation and protecting neural tissue[3][2]. Dietary and endogenous DHA influences the risk and progression of various diseases including neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, and disorders of vision and development[3][5][4]. However, the metabolic pathways themselves are not considered a druggable target but rather a collection of processes involving several molecular entities.

Other names

DHA metabolismOmega-3 fatty acid metabolismDHA metabolic pathwayDocosahexaenoic acid biosynthesisDocosahexaenoic acid catabolism

Modulate membrane structure and protein function[3][4][2]; Serve as ligands for nuclear receptors (e.g., PPARα)[3]; Precursor for bioactive lipid mediators (e.g., resolvins)[3]; Regulate gene expression affecting fat metabolism[3][2]