Duodenal mucosa nutrient sensing

Duodenal mucosa nutrient sensing refers to the complex physiological process by which specialized cells in the duodenum detect luminal nutrients—such as fats, carbohydrates, proteins—and signal to regulate digestion, absorption, hormone secretion (e.g., cholecystokinin [CCK], glucagon-like peptide 1 [GLP‑1]), appetite control, and glucose homeostasis. This process relies on various chemosensory mechanisms involving multiple receptor types—including several G protein-coupled receptors such as CD36, GPR40 (FFAR1), GPR120 (FFAR4), and GPR119—which are expressed on enterocytes and enteroendocrine cells of the duodenum. These sensors trigger local hormonal responses that influence systemic metabolism through gut-brain-liver signaling axes. Disruption or alteration of these mechanisms has been implicated in metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes mellitus. However, "duodenal mucosa nutrient sensing" is not itself a discrete therapeutic target but rather describes an integrated network of cellular processes involving many potential molecular targets[1][2][3][4]. Note: The entry “Duodenal mucosa nutrient sensing” does not refer to a single molecule/receptor but rather to a physiological function mediated by several distinct molecules/receptors within the duodenum. For structured data purposes targeting individual molecules involved—such as “G protein-coupled receptor 40” or “Cluster of differentiation 36”—would be more appropriate than using this broad functional term.

Other names

Duodenal nutrient sensingIntestinal nutrient sensing (context-dependent)Gut nutrient-sensing mechanisms (context-dependent)

Mechanisms involve modulation of gut-brain-liver signaling axes via specific receptors such as GPR40, GPR120, CD36, and others on enteroendocrine cells in the duodenum[3].