Efferocytosis receptors

The group of receptors comprising phosphatidylserine (PS) receptors, scavenger receptors, and the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (including LRP1) on phagocytes constitutes the primary machinery for efferocytosis, the process of clearing apoptotic cells [1, 2]. PS receptors, such as the TAM family (Tyro3, Axl, MerTK) and TIM-4, recognize "eat-me" signals exposed on dying cells, either directly or via bridging molecules like Gas6 [1, 6]. Scavenger receptors (e.g., CD36, SR-A, LOX-1) and LDL-related receptors (e.g., LRP1/CD91) further facilitate the recognition and internalization of apoptotic debris and modified lipids [3, 6]. This system is crucial for maintaining tissue homeostasis, preventing secondary necrosis, and promoting an anti-inflammatory environment [2, 8]. Dysregulation of these receptors is linked to various pathologies, including atherosclerosis, where defective clearance leads to plaque instability, and cancer, where overactive efferocytosis can promote an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment [3, 7]. Therapeutic strategies include inhibiting specific receptors like Axl or MerTK to enhance anti-tumor immunity or activating them to resolve chronic inflammation and autoimmunity [1, 8].

Other names

PS receptors, scavenger receptors, and LDL receptor on phagocytesPhosphatidylserine receptorsScavenger receptorsApoptotic cell clearance receptorsPhagocytic receptorsTAM receptorsTIM receptors

Modulation of the recognition and engulfment of apoptotic cells and lipids by phagocytes to regulate inflammatory responses, promote tissue repair, or enhance anti-tumor immunity.