Eggshell membrane (ESM)

Eggshell membrane (ESM) is a unique biological matrix located between the calcified shell and the albumin of avian eggs, primarily composed of fibrous proteins like collagen (Types I, V, and X), elastin, and various glycosaminoglycans (Ruff et al., 2009, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry). Although it is not a discrete molecular target such as a receptor or enzyme, it is widely utilized as a therapeutic agent and biomaterial for treating joint and connective tissue disorders (Sim et al., 2021, Nutrients). ESM provides essential structural building blocks for the extracellular matrix and exerts significant anti-inflammatory effects by modulating cytokine production (Wedekind et al., 2017, Journal of Medicinal Food). Clinical studies have demonstrated its efficacy in reducing pain and stiffness in patients with osteoarthritis, often monitored via biomarkers like CTX-II (Ruff et al., 2018, Clinical Rheumatology). Additionally, its bioactive properties support wound healing and skin health by promoting fibroblast activity and collagen synthesis (Aguirre et al., 2019, Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology). Due to its avian origin, its primary safety concern is potential allergic reactions in individuals with known egg hypersensitivity.

Other names

Avian eggshell membraneNatural eggshell membraneNEMInner eggshell membraneOuter eggshell membrane

Eggshell membrane acts as a bioactive matrix that reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 (Wedekind et al., 2017, Journal of Medicinal Food). It may also function through the induction of oral tolerance to its collagen components, thereby mitigating the inflammatory response in joint tissues (Sim et al., 2021, Nutrients).