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Eukaryotic elongation factor 1 alpha 2 (eEF1A2)
- Target
- eEF1A2
- Molecular classification
- Enzyme, Translation factor, GTPase, G-protein
01
Overview
Eukaryotic elongation factor 1 alpha 2 (eEF1A2) is a GTP-dependent translation elongation factor and the alpha-2 isoform of elongation factor-1 complex. It catalyzes the delivery of aminoacylated tRNAs to the ribosomal A site during the elongation phase of protein synthesis. Though highly homologous to its ubiquitously expressed paralog eEF1A1, eEF1A2 shows tissue-restricted expression in adult heart, brain, and skeletal muscle. Beyond its canonical role in translation, eEF1A2 regulates actin cytoskeleton remodeling, inhibits apoptosis, and is implicated in oncogenesis by enhancing cell proliferation and survival. Its gene is frequently overexpressed in several human cancers and its deficiency in animal models causes neuromuscular disease and immunodeficiency. eEF1A2 functions as a potential oncogene and represents an emerging therapeutic target in oncology, though clinical translation is limited by the essential role it plays in normal cell function[1][2][4][5].
- Other names
- Elongation factor 1-alpha 2EEF1A2EF-1-alpha-2
02
Mechanism of action
Inhibition of protein translation by blocking the GTPase activity or aminoacyl-tRNA delivery; RNA interference-based downregulation; Disruption of actin binding and filament formation
03
Biological functions
Protein synthesis (delivery of aminoacyl-tRNAs to ribosome during elongation)Actin cytoskeleton remodelingInhibition of apoptosisRegulation of cell proliferationRegulation of oxidative stressControl of unfolded protein degradationHeat shock response
04
Disease associations
Cancer (notably ovarian, breast, lung, prostate, pancreatic, liver)Neuromuscular disease (deficiency leads to neuromuscular abnormality)Immunodeficiency
05
Safety considerations
Essential for normal protein synthesis and cellular viability; systemic inhibition could disrupt global protein synthesis and produce severe toxicityNeuromuscular and immune side-effects anticipated, given knockout mouse models display neuromuscular degeneration and immunodeficiency
06
Interacting drugs
Currently, there are no widely approved drugs that directly target eEF1A2 in clinical use; some experimental compounds and RNA silencing strategies have been used in research settings (e.g., miR-663 mimics, but no named small molecules widely recognized)
07
Biomarkers
Overexpression in specific cancers (breast, ovarian, lung) used as a possible biomarker for tumor identification and progressionmiRNA regulation (miR-663, miR-744 expression levels correlate with eEF1A2 status)
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