Endocytic pathway

The endocytic pathway is a network of intracellular trafficking routes by which cells internalize molecules, fluids, and particles from their environment by forming vesicles from the plasma membrane[1][2][3][4]. Major types of endocytosis include pinocytosis (uptake of fluids), phagocytosis (engulfment of large particles), and receptor-mediated endocytosis (selective internalization via ligand-receptor interactions and clathrin-coated pits)[1][2][5][6][9]. Internalized cargo is delivered through early and late endosomes and may be sorted for recycling back to the surface, degradation in lysosomes, or transcytosis[3][6][8]. The pathway is essential for nutrient uptake, signal transduction, immune surveillance, and maintenance of cellular homeostasis[4][5][7][12]. Dysfunction in the endocytic pathway is implicated in cancers, infections, neurodegeneration, and other diseases[10][12]. Because "endocytic pathway" is not a single, well-defined molecular entity, it does not have a canonical abbreviation, specific drugs, or mechanisms of action applicable to target-based pharmacology. Use of this term as a drug target is incorrect; instead, components of the endocytic pathway (such as specific receptors or coat proteins like clathrin) may be pharmacologically targeted in various diseases.

Other names

EndocytosisEndocytic traffickingEndocytic process