Endoglin (ENG) (ENG)

Endoglin (ENG), also known as CD105, is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as a vital co-receptor for members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, including TGF-beta1, TGF-beta3, and BMP-9 [UniProt: P17813]. It is primarily expressed on the surface of vascular endothelial cells and plays a fundamental role in angiogenesis, vascular remodeling, and the maintenance of endothelial cell homeostasis [NCBI Gene: 2022]. By modulating TGF-beta signaling, endoglin influences critical cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix composition. Mutations in the ENG gene are the underlying cause of Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia type 1 (HHT1), a genetic disorder characterized by arteriovenous malformations and chronic bleeding [PubMed: 30104245]. In oncology, endoglin is highly expressed in the neovasculature of various solid tumors, correlating with poor prognosis and making it a target for anti-angiogenic therapies. Therapeutic agents like the monoclonal antibody carotuximab (TRC105) have been developed to bind endoglin, thereby inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and enhancing the efficacy of other VEGF-targeted treatments [PubMed: 28453471].

Other names

CD105HHT1ORW1END

Endoglin-targeted monoclonal antibodies bind to the extracellular domain of endoglin, inhibiting its interaction with TGF-beta signaling complexes and thereby suppressing endothelial cell proliferation and migration required for tumor angiogenesis.