Endometrial gland regeneration

Endometrial gland regeneration is a fundamental biological process characterized by the cyclical repair and rebuilding of the uterine lining (endometrium) following menstruation or parturition. This scarless healing involves the activation of resident endometrial stem and progenitor cells, primarily located in the basalis layer, which proliferate and differentiate into epithelial glands, stroma, and vasculature. The process is tightly regulated by ovarian steroids, particularly estrogen, and involves key signaling pathways such as Wnt/beta-catenin, Notch, and IGF-1 signaling. Impaired regeneration leads to conditions like Asherman syndrome and refractory thin endometrium, which are major causes of female infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss due to poor endometrial receptivity. Conversely, uncontrolled or aberrant regeneration is a hallmark of endometrial cancer, adenomyosis, and endometriosis. Current therapeutic strategies aim to enhance this regenerative capacity using hormonal supplementation, growth factors like G-CSF, and emerging stem cell-based regenerative medicine to restore functional tissue and facilitate embryo implantation.

Other names

Endometrial repairCyclic endometrial remodelingUterine lining regenerationEndometrial epithelial regeneration

Promotion of tissue regrowth through activation of endometrial stem/progenitor cells, enhancement of local blood flow, and modulation of the paracrine microenvironment via growth factors and hormonal stimulation.