Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response Pathway (UPR)

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response pathway, also known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), is a cellular mechanism activated when the ER's capacity to fold proteins is overwhelmed. This triggers a signaling network that aims to restore ER homeostasis by enhancing protein folding capacity, reducing protein synthesis, and promoting degradation of misfolded proteins. Key sensors include IRE1, PERK, and ATF6, which activate downstream transcription factors and signaling cascades. Prolonged or severe ER stress can lead to cell death. The UPR plays a role in various diseases, including metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer.

Other names

Unfolded Protein ResponseER Stress Signaling

Multiple mechanisms exist depending on the specific drug. Some drugs enhance protein folding, reduce ER stress, or inhibit UPR signaling.