Endothelium-associated extracellular matrix components

Endothelium-associated extracellular matrix (ECM) components consist of a specialized assembly of proteins and polysaccharides, such as collagen type IV, laminins, and heparan sulfate proteoglycans, which constitute the vascular basement membrane [NCBI: NBK541074]. This matrix provides essential mechanical support to the endothelial cell layer and serves as a critical regulator of vascular homeostasis by modulating cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation [Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 2014, 15(12):802-812]. Furthermore, the endothelial ECM acts as a bioactive reservoir, sequestering and releasing growth factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) to control angiogenesis [Kalluri, R. Nature Reviews Cancer, 2003, 3(6):422-433]. In pathological conditions, including cancer and chronic inflammation, aberrant remodeling of these ECM components facilitates the formation of leaky, disorganized blood vessels and promotes tumor metastasis [Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2013, 123(6):2340-2345]. Therapeutic approaches targeting the endothelial ECM often involve the administration of matrix-derived inhibitors like endostatin or the use of agents that disrupt the interaction between ECM components and their cellular receptors, such as integrins, to suppress pathological angiogenesis and stabilize the vasculature [O'Reilly et al., Cell, 1997, 88(2):277-285].

Other names

Vascular extracellular matrixEndothelial ECMSubendothelial basement membraneVascular basement membraneVascular ECM

Modulation of vascular signaling and structural integrity through the sequestration of pro-angiogenic growth factors, inhibition of endothelial cell migration, and regulation of matrix metalloproteinase activity.