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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
- Target
- LPS
- Molecular classification
- Glycoconjugate, Membrane Anchor, Immunostimulant
01
Overview
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also known as endotoxin, is a major structural component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. It consists of lipid A, a core oligosaccharide, and an O-antigen. LPS is a potent immunostimulant, activating the innate immune system via TLR4. While essential for bacterial survival, LPS can induce septic shock in hosts. Lipooligosaccharides (LOS) are truncated forms lacking the O-antigen.
- Other names
- EndotoxinLipooligosaccharide (LOS)
02
Mechanism of action
LPS interacts with TLR4, triggering downstream signaling cascades leading to inflammation. Drugs can neutralize LPS or block TLR4 activation.
03
Biological functions
Outer membrane componentPermeability barrierImmune system activationCell envelope integritySerotype specificityImmune evasion
04
Disease associations
InfectionInflammationSepsisSeptic shock
05
Safety considerations
Excessive immune activation leading to cytokine stormPotential for drug resistance in Gram-negative bacteriaVariability in LPS structure affecting drug efficacy
06
Interacting drugs
Polymyxins (bind and neutralize LPS)
1 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
LPS levels in serum (indicator of Gram-negative bacterial infection)Levels of cytokines (e.g., TNF-alpha, IL-6) induced by LPS
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