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Enhanced Permeability and Retention Effect

Molecular classification: Pathophysiological phenomenon

Overview

The Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect is a pathophysiological phenomenon observed primarily in solid tumors, where macromolecules such as nanoparticles, liposomes, and polymer-drug conjugates tend to accumulate in tumor tissue at much higher concentrations than in normal tissues. This selective accumulation is due to enhanced permeability of tumor blood vessels and poor lymphatic drainage within the tumor.

Mechanism of action

Passive targeting of tumors via leaky vasculature and impaired lymphatic drainage.

Biological functions

Passive drug targetingMacromolecular accumulationTumor microenvironment modulation

Disease associations

Cancer

Safety considerations

Variable efficacy in human cancersLimited clinical translation of preclinical successModest increase in drug deliveryHeterogeneous EPR effect across tumors

Interacting drugs

Doxil (liposomal doxorubicin)

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