Enteric nervous system neurons in the colonic mucosa (ENS neurons)

Enteric nervous system (ENS) neurons in the colonic mucosa are a specialized population of neurons that form part of the 'second brain' within the gut wall [1.1.4]. These neurons, primarily located in the submucosal (Meissner's) plexus or projecting from the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, play a critical role in sensing luminal contents and regulating local physiological responses [1.1.3]. They include intrinsic primary afferent neurons (IPANs) that detect mechanical and chemical stimuli, as well as secretomotor neurons that control fluid and electrolyte secretion [1.1.5]. Dysfunction of these neurons is central to the pathogenesis of functional gastrointestinal disorders like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chronic constipation, where altered sensitivity or motility leads to symptoms [1.2.2]. Therapeutic strategies often target receptors on these neurons, such as serotonin (5-HT) and opioid receptors, to modulate gut transit and visceral pain [1.2.3]. Emerging research also suggests that these neurons may be involved in the early stages of neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease, serving as a potential site for early biomarker detection [1.2.1].

Other names

Mucosal enteric neuronsIntrinsic primary afferent neurons (IPANs)Submucosal plexus neuronsMeissner's plexus neurons

Drugs targeting these neurons typically modulate gastrointestinal function by acting as agonists or antagonists at specific receptors (e.g., 5-HT4, 5-HT3, or opioid receptors) to alter neuronal excitability and the release of neurotransmitters like acetylcholine and serotonin, thereby regulating motility, secretion, and pain signaling [1.2.3, 1.2.4].