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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Envelope Glycoprotein 120 (gp120)
- Target
- gp120
- Molecular classification
- Glycoprotein, Viral Envelope Protein
01
Overview
Envelope glycoprotein 120 (gp120) is a surface-exposed glycoprotein of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), essential for viral entry into host cells. It is part of the envelope spike complex, which also includes gp41, and plays a central role in virus attachment and membrane fusion. Gp120 mediates HIV entry through sequential interactions: binding to CD4 receptors, followed by CCR5/CXCR4 coreceptors, triggering membrane fusion. It is a highly immunogenic but variable protein, targeted for vaccine development and antiviral therapies.
- Other names
- HIV gp120Env gp120Glycoprotein 120
02
Mechanism of action
Small-molecule inhibitors targeting entry steps are under investigation.
03
Biological functions
Viral entryCD4 receptor bindingCCR5/CXCR4 coreceptor bindingMembrane fusionImmune evasion
04
Disease associations
HIV infectionAIDS
05
Safety considerations
High variability due to rapid mutation rates complicating vaccine designGlycan shield masking key epitopes from neutralizing antibodies
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