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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Envelope Glycoprotein GP120 (gp120)
- Target
- gp120
- Molecular classification
- Glycoprotein, Viral Envelope Protein
01
Overview
Envelope glycoprotein GP120 is a surface-exposed glycoprotein of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), essential for viral entry into host cells. It mediates HIV's initial interaction with host cells through sequential binding to CD4 receptors and chemokine coreceptors (primarily CCR5 or CXCR4), leading to membrane fusion. Gp120 is a major target for neutralizing antibodies, but its extensive sequence variability, glycan shielding, and conformational flexibility pose significant challenges for vaccine development.
- Other names
- HIV-1 gp120GP120 envelope protein
02
Mechanism of action
Target for neutralizing antibodies; inhibits viral entry.
03
Biological functions
Viral entry into host cellsCD4 receptor bindingCoreceptor binding (CCR5, CXCR4)Membrane fusion
04
Disease associations
HIV infectionAIDS pathogenesis
05
Safety considerations
High sequence variabilityGlycan shieldingElicitation of non-neutralizing antibodiesConformational flexibility hindering vaccine design
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