Ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2)

Ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2) is a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in cell signaling, development, and disease. It regulates cell adhesion, migration, tissue boundary formation, and axon guidance. In cancer, EphA2 is often overexpressed and promotes tumorigenesis through ligand-dependent and ligand-independent mechanisms. It is a potential therapeutic target and a biomarker for cancer progression and drug resistance. It also serves as an entry receptor for certain viruses. Loss-of-function mutations can lead to congenital defects or age-related diseases.

EphA2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that binds to ephrin-A ligands, leading to autophosphorylation and activation of downstream signaling pathways such as MAPK/ERK and Rho GTPases. In cancer, EphA2 can signal independently of ligand binding by interacting with other RTKs. Small molecule inhibitors can block viral entry by targeting EphA2. Doxazosin acts as an agonist. AHCC® downregulates EPHA2 mRNA/protein levels via modulation of natural antisense transcripts.